Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in the areas of socialization and relating, communication, and oftentimes, sensory processing. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), autism is one of the five Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). Autism, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not otherwise specified) are conceptualized as being on the “autism spectrum.” Asperger’s Disorder is considered to be part of the higher functioning end of the autism spectrum and is characterized by significant difficulties in socialization and difficulties with social communication, with generally typical cognitive and language development.  A diagnosis of PDD-NOS is appropriate for individuals who do not meet the full criteria for autism but display difficulties in the areas of relating and communicating.  Although there is no single known cause for autism-spectrum disorders, recent research suggests both genetic and environmental factors.

There are several “red flags” for autism spectrum disorders in children:

· Inconsistently responding to one’s name

· Inconsistently making or sustaining eye contact

· Delayed verbal and nonverbal language development

· Stereotyped and repetitive behaviors (including: hand-flapping, rocking)

· Displaying a limited range of interests

· Limited play skills, including using toys and objects in unusual ways

For more information on the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders , see: www.autismspeaks.org and www.firstsigns.org.

Evaluation of Autism-Spectrum Disorders

There is no medical test to diagnose autism-spectrum disorders.  An accurate diagnosis entails a comprehensive observation of an individual’s social interaction skills, communication skills, and behaviors, as well as a detailed report from the individual’s caregivers or others that interact with him/her on a daily basis (e.g., teachers).  Dr. Tobing-Puente has many years of experience using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, a highly reliable test for autism.

Treatment of Autism-Spectrum Disorders

Treatment for autism spectrum disorders typically involves highly supportive, intensive, and individualized programs that address developing the child’s areas of difficulty.  Oftentimes, a combination of approaches is used for children on the autism spectrum.  There currently is no cure for autism spectrum disorders.  The DIR® Model and its related Floortime™ approach, (which is used by Dr. Tobing-Puente) addresses the core difficulties in relating and communicating commonly associated with autism-spectrum disorders.

 

 

About Autism-Spectrum Disorders

Dr. Lauren Tobing-Puente, Licensed Psychologist, LLC

Psychological Services for Children and Families

361 East 19th Street, New York, NY 10003

Phone: (917) 838-9274  Email: services@drtobingpuente.com